Using self-hosted runners in a workflow

You can target self-hosted runners for use in a workflow based on the labels assigned to the runners, or their group membership, or a combination of these.

About self-hosted runner labels

Labels allow you to send workflow jobs to specific types of self-hosted runners, based on their shared characteristics. For example, if your job requires a particular hardware component or software package, you can assign a custom label to a runner and then configure your job to only execute on runners with that label.

要为作业指定自托管运行器，请在工作流文件中使用自托管运行器标签配置 runs-on。

自托管运行器可能具有 self-hosted 标签。 设置自托管运行器时，默认情况下，我们将包含标签 self-hosted。 可以传递 --no-default-labels 标志以防止应用自托管标签。 标签可用于为运行器创建目标选项（例如，操作系统或体系结构），建议提供以 self-hosted 开头的标签数组（必须首先列出），然后根据需要包含其他标签。 指定标签数组时，作业将在具有你指定的所有标签的运行器上排队。

请注意，Actions Runner Controller 不支持多个标签，并且不支持 self-hosted 标签。

For information on creating custom and default labels, see Using labels with self-hosted runners.

About self-hosted runner groups

For self-hosted runners defined at the organization level, you can group your runners with shared characteristics into a single runner group and then configure your job to target the runner group.

To specify a self-hosted runner group for your job, configure runs-on.group in your workflow file.

For information on creating and managing runner groups, see Managing access to self-hosted runners using groups.

Viewing available runners for a repository

如果对存储库具有 repo: write 访问权限，则可以查看存储库可用的运行器列表。

1. 在 GitHub 上，导航到存储库的主页面。

2. 在存储库名称下，单击 “操作”。

   

3. 在左侧边栏中的“管理”部分下，单击“ 运行器”。****

4. Click the Self hosted tab at the top of the list of runners.

5. Review the list of available self-hosted runners for the repository. This list includes both self-hosted runners and runner scale sets created with Actions Runner Controller. For more information, see About Actions Runner Controller.

6. （可选）要复制运行器标签以在工作流中使用，请单击运行器右侧的 ，然后单击“复制标签”。****

Using default labels to route jobs

A self-hosted runner automatically receives certain labels when it is added to GitHub Actions. These are used to indicate its operating system and hardware platform:

• self-hosted: Default label applied to self-hosted runners.
• linux, windows, or macOS: Applied depending on operating system.
• x64, ARM, or ARM64: Applied depending on hardware architecture.

You can use your workflow's YAML to send jobs to a combination of these labels. In this example, a self-hosted runner that matches all three labels will be eligible to run the job:

runs-on: [self-hosted, linux, ARM64]

• self-hosted - Run this job on a self-hosted runner.
• linux - Only use a Linux-based runner.
• ARM64 - Only use a runner based on ARM64 hardware.

To create individual self-hosted runners without the default labels, pass the --no-default-labels flag when you create the runner. Actions Runner Controller does not support multiple labels.

Using custom labels to route jobs

You can create custom labels and assign them to your self-hosted runners at any time. Custom labels let you send jobs to particular types of self-hosted runners, based on how they're labeled.

For example, if you have a job that requires a specific type of graphics hardware, you can create a custom label called gpu and assign it to the runners that have the hardware installed. A self-hosted runner that matches all the assigned labels will then be eligible to run the job.

This example shows a job that combines default and custom labels:

runs-on: [self-hosted, linux, x64, gpu]

• self-hosted - Run this job on a self-hosted runner.
• linux - Only use a Linux-based runner.
• x64 - Only use a runner based on x64 hardware.
• gpu - This custom label has been manually assigned to self-hosted runners with the GPU hardware installed.

These labels operate cumulatively, so a self-hosted runner must have all four labels to be eligible to process the job.

Using groups to route jobs

在此示例中，Ubuntu 运行器已添加到名为 ubuntu-runners 的组中。 runs-on 键将作业发送到 ubuntu-runners 组中的任何可用运行器：

name: learn-github-actions
on: [push]
jobs:
  check-bats-version:
    runs-on: 
      group: ubuntu-runners
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: '14'
      - run: npm install -g bats
      - run: bats -v

Using labels and groups to route jobs

组合组和标签时，运行器必须满足这两项要求才能运行作业。

在此示例中，名为 ubuntu-runners 的运行器组使用 Ubuntu 运行器（分配了标签 ubuntu-20.04-16core）进行填充。 runs-on 键将 group 和 labels 组合在一起，以便将作业路由到具有匹配标签的组内的任何可用运行器：

name: learn-github-actions
on: [push]
jobs:
  check-bats-version:
    runs-on:
      group: ubuntu-runners
      labels: ubuntu-20.04-16core
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: '14'
      - run: npm install -g bats
      - run: bats -v

Routing precedence for self-hosted runners

When routing a job to a self-hosted runner, GitHub looks for a runner that matches the job's runs-on labels and groups:

• If GitHub finds an online and idle runner that matches the job's runs-on labels and groups, the job is then assigned and sent to the runner.
  • If the runner doesn't pick up the assigned job within 60 seconds, the job is re-queued so that a new runner can accept it.
• If GitHub doesn't find an online and idle runner that matches the job's runs-on labels and groups, then the job will remain queued until a runner comes online.
• If the job remains queued for more than 24 hours, the job will fail.

Workflow run continuity

如果 GitHub Actions 服务暂时不可用，则在触发后 30 分钟内没有排队时，运行的工作流程运行将被丢弃。 例如，如果触发了一个工作流程，而 GitHub Actions 服务在 31 分钟或更长时间内不可用，则该工作流程将不会被处理。