Skip to main content

Migrating from GitLab with GitHub Actions Importer

Learn how to use GitHub Actions Importer to automate the migration of your GitLab pipelines to GitHub Actions.

Legal notice

About migrating from GitLab with GitHub Actions Importer

The instructions below will guide you through configuring your environment to use GitHub Actions Importer to migrate GitLab pipelines to GitHub Actions.

Prerequisites

  • A GitLab account or organization with pipelines and jobs that you want to convert to GitHub Actions workflows.
  • Access to create a GitLab personal access token for your account or organization.
  • Um ambiente em que seja possível executar contêineres baseados no Linux e instalar as ferramentas necessárias.

    Observação

    A CLI e o contêiner do GitHub Actions Importer não precisam ser instalados no mesmo servidor que a plataforma de CI.

Limitations

There are some limitations on migrating processes automatically from GitLab pipelines to GitHub Actions with GitHub Actions Importer.

  • Automatic caching in between jobs of different workflows is not supported.
  • The audit command is only supported when using an organization account. However, the dry-run and migrate commands can be used with an organization or user account.

Manual tasks

Certain GitLab constructs must be migrated manually. These include:

  • Masked project or group variable values
  • Artifact reports

For more information on manual migrations, see Migrating from GitLab CI/CD to GitHub Actions.

Installing the GitHub Actions Importer CLI extension

  1. Instale a extensão da CLI do GitHub Actions Importer:

    Bash
    gh extension install github/gh-actions-importer
    
  2. Verifique se a extensão foi instalada:

    $ gh actions-importer -h
    Options:
      -?, -h, --help  Show help and usage information
    
    Commands:
      update     Update to the latest version of GitHub Actions Importer.
      version    Display the version of GitHub Actions Importer.
      configure  Start an interactive prompt to configure credentials used to authenticate with your CI server(s).
      audit      Plan your CI/CD migration by analyzing your current CI/CD footprint.
      forecast   Forecast GitHub Actions usage from historical pipeline utilization.
      dry-run    Convert a pipeline to a GitHub Actions workflow and output its yaml file.
      migrate    Convert a pipeline to a GitHub Actions workflow and open a pull request with the changes.
    

Configuring credentials

The configure CLI command is used to set required credentials and options for GitHub Actions Importer when working with GitLab and GitHub.

  1. Create a GitHub personal access token (classic). For more information, see Gerenciar seus tokens de acesso pessoal.

    Your token must have the workflow scope.

    After creating the token, copy it and save it in a safe location for later use.

  2. Create a GitLab personal access token. For more information, see Personal access tokens in the GitLab documentation.

    Your token must have the read_api scope.

    After creating the token, copy it and save it in a safe location for later use.

  3. In your terminal, run the GitHub Actions Importer configure CLI command:

    gh actions-importer configure
    

    The configure command will prompt you for the following information:

    • For "Which CI providers are you configuring?", use the arrow keys to select GitLab, press Space to select it, then press Enter.
    • For "Personal access token for GitHub", enter the value of the personal access token (classic) that you created earlier, and press Enter.
    • For "Base url of the GitHub instance", press Enter to accept the default value (http://github.com).
    • For "Private token for GitLab", enter the value for the GitLab personal access token that you created earlier, and press Enter.
    • For "Base url of the GitLab instance", enter the URL of your GitLab instance, and press Enter.

    An example of the output of the configure command is shown below.

    $ gh actions-importer configure
    ✔ Which CI providers are you configuring?: GitLab
    Enter the following values (leave empty to omit):
    ✔ Personal access token for GitHub: ***************
    ✔ Base url of the GitHub instance: http://github.com
    ✔ Private token for GitLab: ***************
    ✔ Base url of the GitLab instance: http://localhost
    Environment variables successfully updated.
    
  4. In your terminal, run the GitHub Actions Importer update CLI command to connect to GitHub Packages Container registry and ensure that the container image is updated to the latest version:

    gh actions-importer update
    

    The output of the command should be similar to below:

    Updating ghcr.io/actions-importer/cli:latest...
    ghcr.io/actions-importer/cli:latest up-to-date
    

Perform an audit of GitLab

You can use the audit command to get a high-level view of all pipelines in a GitLab server.

The audit command performs the following steps:

  1. Fetches all of the projects defined in a GitLab server.
  2. Converts each pipeline to its equivalent GitHub Actions workflow.
  3. Generates a report that summarizes how complete and complex of a migration is possible with GitHub Actions Importer.

Prerequisites for the audit command

In order to use the audit command, you must have a personal access token configured with a GitLab organization account.

Running the audit command

To perform an audit of a GitLab server, run the following command in your terminal, replacing my-gitlab-namespace with the namespace or group you are auditing:

gh actions-importer audit gitlab --output-dir tmp/audit --namespace my-gitlab-namespace

Inspecting the audit results

Os arquivos do diretório de saída especificado contêm os resultados da auditoria. Confira o arquivo audit_summary.md para ver um resumo dos resultados da auditoria.

O resumo da auditoria contém as seções a seguir.

Pipelines

A seção "Pipelines" contém estatísticas de alto nível sobre a taxa de conversão feita pelo GitHub Actions Importer.

Veja abaixo alguns termos importantes que podem aparecer na seção "Pipelines":

  • Os pipelines Bem-sucedidos tiveram 100% dos constructos e itens individuais convertidos automaticamente nos equivalentes do GitHub Actions.
  • Os pipelines parcialmente bem-sucedidos tiveram todos os constructos de pipeline convertidos, porém, houve alguns itens individuais que não foram convertidos automaticamente nos GitHub Actions equivalentes.
  • Os pipelines Sem suporte são tipos de definição que não têm suporte no GitHub Actions Importer.
  • Os pipelines com falha encontraram um erro fatal ao serem convertidos. Isso pode ocorrer por uma das seguintes razões:
    • O pipeline foi originalmente configurado de forma incorreta e inválida.
    • O GitHub Actions Importer encontrou um erro interno ao convertê-lo.
    • Houve uma resposta de rede malsucedida que tornou o pipeline inacessível, o que geralmente ocorre devido a credenciais inválidas.

Etapas de Build

A seção "Etapas de compilação" contém uma visão geral das etapas de compilação individuais usadas em todos os pipelines e indica quantas delas foram convertidas automaticamente pelo GitHub Actions Importer.

Veja abaixo alguns termos importantes que podem aparecer na seção "Etapas de compilação":

  • Uma etapa de compilação conhecida foi convertida automaticamente em uma ação equivalente.
  • Uma etapa de compilação desconhecida não foi convertida automaticamente em uma ação equivalente.
  • Uma etapa de compilação sem suporte é aquela que:
    • Fundamentalmente, não tem suporte no GitHub Actions.
    • Foi configurada de maneira incompatível com o GitHub Actions.
  • Uma ação é uma lista das ações que foram usadas nos fluxos de trabalho convertidos. Isso pode ser importante para:
    • Se você usar o GitHub Enterprise Server, reunir a lista de ações a serem sincronizadas com a sua instância.
    • Definir uma lista de permissões no nível da organização das ações que são usadas. Essa lista de ações é abrangente e inclui as ações que as equipes de segurança ou conformidade podem precisar analisar.

Tarefas manuais

A seção "Tarefas manuais" contém uma visão geral das tarefas que o GitHub Actions Importer não consegue executar automaticamente e que precisam ser realizadas de maneira manual.

Veja abaixo alguns termos importantes que podem aparecer na seção "Tarefas manuais":

  • Um segredo é um repositório ou um segredo no nível da organização que é usado nos pipelines convertidos. Esses segredos devem ser criados manualmente no GitHub Actions para que os pipelines funcionem de maneira correta. Para saber mais, confira Using secrets in GitHub Actions.
  • Um executor auto-hospedado refere-se a um rótulo de um executor que é referenciado em um pipeline convertido e que não é hospedado no GitHub. Será necessário definir manualmente esses executores para que os pipelines funcionem de maneira correta.

Arquivos

A seção final do relatório de auditoria fornece um manifesto de todos os arquivos que foram gravados em disco durante a auditoria.

Cada arquivo de pipeline tem uma variedade de arquivos contidos na auditoria, incluindo:

  • O pipeline original como foi definido no GitHub.
  • Todas as respostas de rede usadas para converter o pipeline.
  • O arquivo de fluxo de trabalho convertido.
  • Rastreamentos de pilha que podem ser usados para solucionar problemas de uma conversão de pipeline com falha.

Além disso, o arquivo workflow_usage.csv contém uma lista separada por vírgula de todas as ações, todos os segredos e todos os executores usados pelos pipelines convertidos com sucesso. Isso pode ser útil para determinar quais fluxos de trabalho usam quais ações, segredos ou executores e para executar revisões de segurança.

Forecast potential build runner usage

You can use the forecast command to forecast potential GitHub Actions usage by computing metrics from completed pipeline runs in your GitLab server.

Running the forecast command

To perform a forecast of potential GitHub Actions usage, run the following command in your terminal, replacing my-gitlab-namespace with the namespace or group you are forecasting. By default, GitHub Actions Importer includes the previous seven days in the forecast report.

gh actions-importer forecast gitlab --output-dir tmp/forecast --namespace my-gitlab-namespace

Forecasting an entire namespace

To forecast an entire namespace and all of its subgroups, you must specify each subgroup in the --namespace argument or NAMESPACE environment variable.

For example:

gh actions-importer forecast gitlab --namespace my-gitlab-namespace my-gitlab-namespace/subgroup-one my-gitlab-namespace/subgroup-two ...

Inspecting the forecast report

The forecast_report.md file in the specified output directory contains the results of the forecast.

Listed below are some key terms that can appear in the forecast report:

  • The job count is the total number of completed jobs.
  • The pipeline count is the number of unique pipelines used.
  • Execution time describes the amount of time a runner spent on a job. This metric can be used to help plan for the cost of GitHub-hosted runners.
    • This metric is correlated to how much you should expect to spend in GitHub Actions. This will vary depending on the hardware used for these minutes. You can use the GitHub Actions pricing calculator to estimate the costs.
  • Queue time metrics describe the amount of time a job spent waiting for a runner to be available to execute it.
  • Concurrent jobs metrics describe the amount of jobs running at any given time. This metric can be used to define the number of runners you should configure.

Additionally, these metrics are defined for each queue of runners in GitLab. This is especially useful if there is a mix of hosted or self-hosted runners, or high or low spec machines, so you can see metrics specific to different types of runners.

Perform a dry-run migration of a GitLab pipeline

You can use the dry-run command to convert a GitLab pipeline to its equivalent GitHub Actions workflow.

Running the dry-run command

You can use the dry-run command to convert a GitLab pipeline to an equivalent GitHub Actions workflow. A dry-run creates the output files in a specified directory, but does not open a pull request to migrate the pipeline.

To perform a dry run of migrating your GitLab pipelines to GitHub Actions, run the following command in your terminal, replacing my-gitlab-project with your GitLab project slug, and my-gitlab-namespace with the namespace or group (full group path for subgroups, e.g. my-org/my-team) you are performing a dry run for.

gh actions-importer dry-run gitlab --output-dir tmp/dry-run --namespace my-gitlab-namespace --project my-gitlab-project

Inspecting the converted workflows

You can view the logs of the dry run and the converted workflow files in the specified output directory.

No caso de qualquer item que o GitHub Actions Importer não tenha conseguido converter automaticamente, como etapas de build desconhecidas ou um pipeline parcialmente bem-sucedido, o ideal é criar transformadores personalizados para personalizar ainda mais o processo de conversão. Para saber mais, confira Extending GitHub Actions Importer with custom transformers.

Perform a production migration of a GitLab pipeline

You can use the migrate command to convert a GitLab pipeline and open a pull request with the equivalent GitHub Actions workflow.

Running the migrate command

To migrate a GitLab pipeline to GitHub Actions, run the following command in your terminal, replacing the following values:

  • target-url value with the URL for your GitHub repository
  • my-gitlab-project with your GitLab project slug
  • my-gitlab-namespace with the namespace or group you are migrating (full path for subgroups, e.g. my-org/my-team)
gh actions-importer migrate gitlab --target-url http://github.com/:owner/:repo --output-dir tmp/migrate --namespace my-gitlab-namespace --project my-gitlab-project

The command's output includes the URL to the pull request that adds the converted workflow to your repository. An example of a successful output is similar to the following:

$ gh actions-importer migrate gitlab --target-url http://github.com/octo-org/octo-repo --output-dir tmp/migrate --namespace octo-org --project monas-project
[2022-08-20 22:08:20] Logs: 'tmp/migrate/log/actions-importer-20220916-014033.log'
[2022-08-20 22:08:20] Pull request: 'http://github.com/octo-org/octo-repo/pull/1'

Como inspecionar a solicitação de pull

A saída de uma execução bem-sucedida do comando migrate contém um link para a nova solicitação de pull que adiciona o fluxo de trabalho convertido ao seu repositório.

Alguns elementos importantes da solicitação de pull incluem:

  • Na descrição da solicitação de pull, uma seção chamada Etapas manuais, que lista as etapas que você precisa concluir manualmente para concluir a migração dos pipelines para o GitHub Actions. Por exemplo, esta seção pode solicitar a criação dos segredos usados nos fluxos de trabalho.
  • O arquivo de fluxos de trabalho convertido. Selecione a guia Files changed na pull request para ver o arquivo de fluxo de trabalho que será adicionado ao repositório do GitHub.

Quando terminar de inspecionar a pull request, você poderá mesclá-la para adicionar o fluxo de trabalho ao repositório do GitHub.

Reference

This section contains reference information on environment variables, optional arguments, and supported syntax when using GitHub Actions Importer to migrate from GitLab.

Using environment variables

O GitHub Actions Importer usa variáveis de ambiente para a configuração de autenticação. Essas variáveis são definidas durante o processo de configuração com o comando configure. Para obter mais informações, confira a seção Como configurar as credenciais.

GitHub Actions Importer uses the following environment variables to connect to your GitLab instance:

  • GITHUB_ACCESS_TOKEN: The personal access token (classic) used to create pull requests with a converted workflow (requires the workflow scope).
  • GITHUB_INSTANCE_URL: The URL to the target GitHub instance (for example, http://github.com).
  • GITLAB_ACCESS_TOKEN: The GitLab personal access token used to view GitLab resources.
  • GITLAB_INSTANCE_URL: The URL of the GitLab instance.
  • NAMESPACE: The namespaces or groups that contain the GitLab pipelines.

These environment variables can be specified in a .env.local file that is loaded by GitHub Actions Importer when it is run.

Using optional arguments

Há argumentos opcionais que você pode usar com os subcomandos do GitHub Actions Importer para personalizar sua migração.

--source-file-path

You can use the --source-file-path argument with the forecast, dry-run, or migrate subcommands.

By default, GitHub Actions Importer fetches pipeline contents from source control. The --source-file-path argument tells GitHub Actions Importer to use the specified source file path instead.

For example:

gh actions-importer dry-run gitlab --output-dir output/ --namespace my-gitlab-namespace --project my-gitlab-project --source-file-path path/to/.gitlab-ci.yml

If you would like to supply multiple source files when running the forecast subcommand, you can use pattern matching in the file path value. The following example supplies GitHub Actions Importer with any source files that match the ./tmp/previous_forecast/jobs/*.json file path.

gh actions-importer forecast gitlab --output-dir output/ --namespace my-gitlab-namespace --project my-gitlab-project --source-file-path ./tmp/previous_forecast/jobs/*.json

--config-file-path

You can use the --config-file-path argument with the audit, dry-run, and migrate subcommands.

By default, GitHub Actions Importer fetches pipeline contents from source control. The --config-file-path argument tells GitHub Actions Importer to use the specified source files instead.

The --config-file-path argument can also be used to specify which repository a converted reusable workflow should be migrated to.

Audit example

In this example, GitHub Actions Importer uses the specified YAML configuration file to perform an audit.

gh actions-importer audit gitlab --output-dir path/to/output/ --namespace my-gitlab-namespace --config-file-path path/to/gitlab/config.yml

To audit a GitLab instance using a configuration file, the file must be in the following format, and each repository_slug value must be unique:

source_files:
  - repository_slug: namespace/project-name
    path: path/to/.gitlab-ci.yml
  - repository_slug: namespace/some-other-project-name
    path: path/to/.gitlab-ci.yml
Dry run example

In this example, GitHub Actions Importer uses the specified YAML configuration file as the source file to perform a dry run.

The pipeline is selected by matching the repository_slug in the configuration file to the value of the --namespace and --project options. The path is then used to pull the specified source file.

gh actions-importer dry-run gitlab --namespace my-gitlab-namespace --project my-gitlab-project-name --output-dir ./output/ --config-file-path ./path/to/gitlab/config.yml
Specify the repository of converted reusable workflows

GitHub Actions Importer uses the YAML file provided to the --config-file-path argument to determine the repository that converted reusable workflows are migrated to.

To begin, you should run an audit without the --config-file-path argument:

gh actions-importer audit gitlab --output-dir ./output/

The output of this command will contain a file named config.yml that contains a list of all the composite actions that were converted by GitHub Actions Importer. For example, the config.yml file may have the following contents:

reusable_workflows:
  - name: my-reusable-workflow.yml
    target_url: http://github.com/octo-org/octo-repo
    ref: main

You can use this file to specify which repository and ref a reusable workflow or composite action should be added to. You can then use the --config-file-path argument to provide the config.yml file to GitHub Actions Importer. For example, you can use this file when running a migrate command to open a pull request for each unique repository defined in the config file:

gh actions-importer migrate gitlab --project my-project-name --output-dir output/ --config-file-path config.yml --target-url http://github.com/my-org/my-repo

Supported syntax for GitLab pipelines

The following table shows the type of properties GitHub Actions Importer is currently able to convert. For more details about how GitLab pipeline syntax aligns with GitHub Actions, see Migrating from GitLab CI/CD to GitHub Actions.

GitLab PipelinesGitHub ActionsStatus
after_scriptjobs.<job_id>.stepsSupported
auto_cancel_pending_pipelinesconcurrencySupported
before_scriptjobs.<job_id>.stepsSupported
build_timeout or timeoutjobs.<job_id>.timeout-minutesSupported
defaultNot applicableSupported
imagejobs.<job_id>.containerSupported
jobjobs.<job_id>Supported
needsjobs.<job_id>.needsSupported
only_allow_merge_if_pipeline_succeedson.pull_requestSupported
resource_groupjobs.<job_id>.concurrencySupported
scheduleon.scheduleSupported
scriptjobs.<job_id>.stepsSupported
stagesjobsSupported
tagsjobs.<job_id>.runs-onSupported
variablesenv, jobs.<job_id>.envSupported
Run pipelines for new commitson.pushSupported
Run pipelines manuallyon.workflow_dispatchSupported
environmentjobs.<job_id>.environmentPartially supported
includeFiles referenced in an include statement are merged into a single job graph before being transformed.Partially supported
only or exceptjobs.<job_id>.ifPartially supported
paralleljobs.<job_id>.strategyPartially supported
rulesjobs.<job_id>.ifPartially supported
servicesjobs.<job_id>.servicesPartially supported
workflowifPartially supported

For information about supported GitLab constructs, see the github/gh-actions-importer repository.

Environment variables syntax

GitHub Actions Importer uses the mapping in the table below to convert default GitLab environment variables to the closest equivalent in GitHub Actions.

GitLabGitHub Actions
CI_API_V4_URL${{ github.api_url }}
CI_BUILDS_DIR${{ github.workspace }}
CI_COMMIT_BRANCH${{ github.ref }}
CI_COMMIT_REF_NAME${{ github.ref }}
CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG${{ github.ref }}
CI_COMMIT_SHA${{ github.sha }}
CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA${{ github.sha }}
CI_COMMIT_TAG${{ github.ref }}
CI_JOB_ID${{ github.job }}
CI_JOB_MANUAL${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' }}
CI_JOB_NAME${{ github.job }}
CI_JOB_STATUS${{ job.status }}
CI_JOB_URL${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
CI_JOB_TOKEN${{ github.token }}
CI_NODE_INDEX${{ strategy.job-index }}
CI_NODE_TOTAL${{ strategy.job-total }}
CI_PIPELINE_ID${{ github.repository}}/${{ github.workflow }}
CI_PIPELINE_IID${{ github.workflow }}
CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE${{ github.event_name }}
CI_PIPELINE_TRIGGERED${{ github.actions }}
CI_PIPELINE_URL${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
CI_PROJECT_DIR${{ github.workspace }}
CI_PROJECT_ID${{ github.repository }}
CI_PROJECT_NAME${{ github.event.repository.name }}
CI_PROJECT_NAMESPACE${{ github.repository_owner }}
CI_PROJECT_PATH_SLUG${{ github.repository }}
CI_PROJECT_PATH${{ github.repository }}
CI_PROJECT_ROOT_NAMESPACE${{ github.repository_owner }}
CI_PROJECT_TITLE${{ github.event.repository.full_name }}
CI_PROJECT_URL${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}
CI_REPOSITORY_URL${{ github.event.repository.clone_url }}
CI_RUNNER_EXECUTABLE_ARCH${{ runner.os }}
CI_SERVER_HOST${{ github.server_url }}
CI_SERVER_URL${{ github.server_url }}
CI_SERVER${{ github.actions }}
GITLAB_CI${{ github.actions }}
GITLAB_USER_EMAIL${{ github.actor }}
GITLAB_USER_ID${{ github.actor }}
GITLAB_USER_LOGIN${{ github.actor }}
GITLAB_USER_NAME${{ github.actor }}
TRIGGER_PAYLOAD${{ github.event_path }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_ASSIGNEES${{ github.event.pull_request.assignees }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_ID${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_IID${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_LABELS${{ github.event.pull_request.labels }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_MILESTONE${{ github.event.pull_request.milestone }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_PROJECT_ID${{ github.repository }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_PROJECT_PATH${{ github.repository }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_PROJECT_URL${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_REF_PATH${{ github.ref }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_SOURCE_BRANCH_NAME${{ github.event.pull_request.head.ref }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_SOURCE_BRANCH_SHA${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha}}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_SOURCE_PROJECT_ID${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_SOURCE_PROJECT_PATH${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_SOURCE_PROJECT_URL${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.url }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_TARGET_BRANCH_NAME${{ github.event.pull_request.base.ref }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_TARGET_BRANCH_SHA${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
CI_MERGE_REQUEST_TITLE${{ github.event.pull_request.title }}
CI_EXTERNAL_PULL_REQUEST_IID${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
CI_EXTERNAL_PULL_REQUEST_SOURCE_REPOSITORY${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name }}
CI_EXTERNAL_PULL_REQUEST_TARGET_REPOSITORY${{ github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name }}
CI_EXTERNAL_PULL_REQUEST_SOURCE_BRANCH_NAME${{ github.event.pull_request.head.ref }}
CI_EXTERNAL_PULL_REQUEST_SOURCE_BRANCH_SHA${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
CI_EXTERNAL_PULL_REQUEST_TARGET_BRANCH_NAME${{ github.event.pull_request.base.ref }}
CI_EXTERNAL_PULL_REQUEST_TARGET_BRANCH_SHA${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}

Partes foram adaptadas do http://github.com/github/gh-actions-importer/ de acordo com a licença MIT:

MIT License

Copyright (c) 2022 GitHub

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.