Annotation of html5/spec-author-view/grouping-content.html, revision 1.24
1.12 mike 1: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
2: <!DOCTYPE html>
3: <!-- when publishing, change bits marked ZZZ --><html lang="en-US-x-Hixie" class="split chapter"><head><title>4.5 Grouping content — HTML5 (Author Edition)</title><script src="link-fixup.js"></script><link href="whatwg.css" rel="stylesheet"><style type="text/css">
4: pre { margin-left: 2em; white-space: pre-wrap; }
5: h2 { margin: 3em 0 1em 0; }
6: h3 { margin: 2.5em 0 1em 0; }
7: h4 { margin: 2.5em 0 0.75em 0; }
8: h5, h6 { margin: 2.5em 0 1em; }
9: h1 + h2, h1 + h2 + h2 { margin: 0.75em 0 0.75em; }
10: h2 + h3, h3 + h4, h4 + h5, h5 + h6 { margin-top: 0.5em; }
11: p { margin: 1em 0; }
12: hr:not(.top) { display: block; background: none; border: none; padding: 0; margin: 2em 0; height: auto; }
13: dl, dd { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; }
14: dt { margin-top: 0.75em; margin-bottom: 0.25em; clear: left; }
15: dt + dt { margin-top: 0; }
16: dd dt { margin-top: 0.25em; margin-bottom: 0; }
17: dd p { margin-top: 0; }
18: dd dl + p { margin-top: 1em; }
19: dd table + p { margin-top: 1em; }
20: p + * > li, dd li { margin: 1em 0; }
21: dt, dfn { font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; }
22: dt dfn { font-style: italic; }
23: pre, code { font-size: inherit; font-family: monospace; font-variant: normal; }
24: pre strong { color: black; font: inherit; font-weight: bold; background: yellow; }
25: pre em { font-weight: bolder; font-style: normal; }
26: @media screen { code { color: orangered; } code :link, code :visited { color: inherit; } }
27: var sub { vertical-align: bottom; font-size: smaller; position: relative; top: 0.1em; }
28: table { border-collapse: collapse; border-style: hidden hidden none hidden; }
29: table thead { border-bottom: solid; }
30: table tbody th:first-child { border-left: solid; }
31: table tbody th { text-align: left; }
32: table td, table th { border-left: solid; border-right: solid; border-bottom: solid thin; vertical-align: top; padding: 0.2em; }
33: blockquote { margin: 0 0 0 2em; border: 0; padding: 0; font-style: italic; }
34:
35: .bad, .bad *:not(.XXX) { color: gray; border-color: gray; background: transparent; }
36: .matrix, .matrix td { border: none; text-align: right; }
37: .matrix { margin-left: 2em; }
38: .dice-example { border-collapse: collapse; border-style: hidden solid solid hidden; border-width: thin; margin-left: 3em; }
39: .dice-example caption { width: 30em; font-size: smaller; font-style: italic; padding: 0.75em 0; text-align: left; }
40: .dice-example td, .dice-example th { border: solid thin; width: 1.35em; height: 1.05em; text-align: center; padding: 0; }
41:
42: .toc dfn, h1 dfn, h2 dfn, h3 dfn, h4 dfn, h5 dfn, h6 dfn { font: inherit; }
43: img.extra { float: right; }
44: pre.idl { border: solid thin; background: #EEEEEE; color: black; padding: 0.5em 1em; }
45: pre.idl :link, pre.idl :visited { color: inherit; background: transparent; }
46: pre.css { border: solid thin; background: #FFFFEE; color: black; padding: 0.5em 1em; }
47: pre.css:first-line { color: #AAAA50; }
1.21 mike 48: dl.domintro { color: green; margin: 2em 0 2em 2em; padding: 0.5em 1em; border: none; background: #DDFFDD; }
1.12 mike 49: hr + dl.domintro, div.impl + dl.domintro { margin-top: 2.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em; }
50: dl.domintro dt, dl.domintro dt * { color: black; text-decoration: none; }
51: dl.domintro dd { margin: 0.5em 0 1em 2em; padding: 0; }
52: dl.domintro dd p { margin: 0.5em 0; }
53: dl.switch { padding-left: 2em; }
54: dl.switch > dt { text-indent: -1.5em; }
55: dl.switch > dt:before { content: '\21AA'; padding: 0 0.5em 0 0; display: inline-block; width: 1em; text-align: right; line-height: 0.5em; }
56: dl.triple { padding: 0 0 0 1em; }
57: dl.triple dt, dl.triple dd { margin: 0; display: inline }
58: dl.triple dt:after { content: ':'; }
59: dl.triple dd:after { content: '\A'; white-space: pre; }
60: .diff-old { text-decoration: line-through; color: silver; background: transparent; }
61: .diff-chg, .diff-new { text-decoration: underline; color: green; background: transparent; }
62: a .diff-new { border-bottom: 1px blue solid; }
63:
64: h2 { page-break-before: always; }
65: h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { page-break-after: avoid; }
66: h1 + h2, hr + h2.no-toc { page-break-before: auto; }
67:
68: p > span:not([title=""]):not([class="XXX"]):not([class="impl"]), li > span:not([title=""]):not([class="XXX"]):not([class="impl"]) { border-bottom: solid #9999CC; }
69:
70: div.head { margin: 0 0 1em; padding: 1em 0 0 0; }
71: div.head p { margin: 0; }
72: div.head h1 { margin: 0; }
73: div.head .logo { float: right; margin: 0 1em; }
74: div.head .logo img { border: none } /* remove border from top image */
75: div.head dl { margin: 1em 0; }
76: div.head p.copyright, div.head p.alt { font-size: x-small; font-style: oblique; margin: 0; }
77:
78: body > .toc > li { margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; }
79: body > .toc.brief > li { margin-top: 0.35em; margin-bottom: 0.35em; }
80: body > .toc > li > * { margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
81: body > .toc > li > * > li > * { margin-bottom: 0.25em; }
82: .toc, .toc li { list-style: none; }
83:
84: .brief { margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; line-height: 1.1; }
85: .brief li { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
86: .brief li p { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
87:
88: .category-list { margin-top: -0.75em; margin-bottom: 1em; line-height: 1.5; }
89: .category-list::before { content: '\21D2\A0'; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 900; }
90: .category-list li { display: inline; }
91: .category-list li:not(:last-child)::after { content: ', '; }
92: .category-list li > span, .category-list li > a { text-transform: lowercase; }
93: .category-list li * { text-transform: none; } /* don't affect <code> nested in <a> */
94:
95: .XXX { color: #E50000; background: white; border: solid red; padding: 0.5em; margin: 1em 0; }
96: .XXX > :first-child { margin-top: 0; }
97: p .XXX { line-height: 3em; }
98: .annotation { border: solid thin black; background: #0C479D; color: white; position: relative; margin: 8px 0 20px 0; }
99: .annotation:before { position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; margin: 6px -6px -6px 6px; background: #333333; z-index: -1; content: ''; }
100: .annotation :link, .annotation :visited { color: inherit; }
101: .annotation :link:hover, .annotation :visited:hover { background: transparent; }
102: .annotation span { border: none ! important; }
103: .note { color: green; background: transparent; font-family: sans-serif; }
104: .warning { color: red; background: transparent; }
105: .note, .warning { font-weight: bolder; font-style: italic; }
106: p.note, div.note { padding: 0.5em 2em; }
107: span.note { padding: 0 2em; }
108: .note p:first-child, .warning p:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
109: .note p:last-child, .warning p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
110: .warning:before { font-style: normal; }
111: p.note:before { content: 'Note: '; }
112: p.warning:before { content: '\26A0 Warning! '; }
113:
114: .bookkeeping:before { display: block; content: 'Bookkeeping details'; font-weight: bolder; font-style: italic; }
115: .bookkeeping { font-size: 0.8em; margin: 2em 0; }
116: .bookkeeping p { margin: 0.5em 2em; display: list-item; list-style: square; }
117:
118: h4 { position: relative; z-index: 3; }
119: h4 + .element, h4 + div + .element { margin-top: -2.5em; padding-top: 2em; }
120: .element {
121: background: #EEEEFF;
122: color: black;
123: margin: 0 0 1em 0.15em;
124: padding: 0 1em 0.25em 0.75em;
125: border-left: solid #9999FF 0.25em;
126: position: relative;
127: z-index: 1;
128: }
129: .element:before {
130: position: absolute;
131: z-index: 2;
132: top: 0;
133: left: -1.15em;
134: height: 2em;
135: width: 0.9em;
136: background: #EEEEFF;
137: content: ' ';
138: border-style: none none solid solid;
139: border-color: #9999FF;
140: border-width: 0.25em;
141: }
142:
143: .example { display: block; color: #222222; background: #FCFCFC; border-left: double; margin-left: 2em; padding-left: 1em; }
144: td > .example:only-child { margin: 0 0 0 0.1em; }
145:
146: .tall-and-narrow {
147: font-size: 0.6em;
148: column-width: 25em;
149: column-gap: 1em;
150: -moz-column-width: 25em;
151: -moz-column-gap: 1em;
152: -webkit-column-width: 25em;
153: -webkit-column-gap: 1em;
154: }
155:
156: ul.domTree, ul.domTree ul { padding: 0 0 0 1em; margin: 0; }
157: ul.domTree li { padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; position: relative; }
158: ul.domTree li li { list-style: none; }
159: ul.domTree li:first-child::before { position: absolute; top: 0; height: 0.6em; left: -0.75em; width: 0.5em; border-style: none none solid solid; content: ''; border-width: 0.1em; }
160: ul.domTree li:not(:last-child)::after { position: absolute; top: 0; bottom: -0.6em; left: -0.75em; width: 0.5em; border-style: none none solid solid; content: ''; border-width: 0.1em; }
161: ul.domTree span { font-style: italic; font-family: serif; }
162: ul.domTree .t1 code { color: purple; font-weight: bold; }
163: ul.domTree .t2 { font-style: normal; font-family: monospace; }
164: ul.domTree .t2 .name { color: black; font-weight: bold; }
165: ul.domTree .t2 .value { color: blue; font-weight: normal; }
166: ul.domTree .t3 code, .domTree .t4 code, .domTree .t5 code { color: gray; }
167: ul.domTree .t7 code, .domTree .t8 code { color: green; }
168: ul.domTree .t10 code { color: teal; }
169:
1.15 mike 170: body.dfnEnabled dfn { cursor: pointer; }
171: .dfnPanel {
172: display: inline;
173: position: absolute;
174: z-index: 10;
175: height: auto;
176: width: auto;
177: padding: 0.5em 0.75em;
178: font: small sans-serif, Droid Sans Fallback;
179: background: #DDDDDD;
180: color: black;
181: border: outset 0.2em;
182: }
183: .dfnPanel * { margin: 0; padding: 0; font: inherit; text-indent: 0; }
184: .dfnPanel :link, .dfnPanel :visited { color: black; }
185: .dfnPanel p { font-weight: bolder; }
186: .dfnPanel * + p { margin-top: 0.25em; }
187: .dfnPanel li { list-style-position: inside; }
188:
1.12 mike 189: #configUI { position: absolute; z-index: 20; top: 10em; right: 1em; width: 11em; font-size: small; }
190: #configUI p { margin: 0.5em 0; padding: 0.3em; background: #EEEEEE; color: black; border: inset thin; }
191: #configUI p label { display: block; }
192: #configUI #updateUI, #configUI .loginUI { text-align: center; }
193: #configUI input[type=button] { display: block; margin: auto; }
194: </style><style type="text/css">
195:
196: .applies thead th > * { display: block; }
197: .applies thead code { display: block; }
198: .applies tbody th { whitespace: nowrap; }
199: .applies td { text-align: center; }
200: .applies .yes { background: yellow; }
201:
202: .matrix, .matrix td { border: none; text-align: right; }
203: .matrix { margin-left: 2em; }
204:
205: .dice-example { border-collapse: collapse; border-style: hidden solid solid hidden; border-width: thin; margin-left: 3em; }
206: .dice-example caption { width: 30em; font-size: smaller; font-style: italic; padding: 0.75em 0; text-align: left; }
207: .dice-example td, .dice-example th { border: solid thin; width: 1.35em; height: 1.05em; text-align: center; padding: 0; }
208:
209: #table-example-1 { border: solid thin; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 3em; }
210: #table-example-1 * { font-family: "Essays1743", serif; line-height: 1.01em; }
211: #table-example-1 caption { padding-bottom: 0.5em; }
212: #table-example-1 thead, #table-example-1 tbody { border: none; }
213: #table-example-1 th, #table-example-1 td { border: solid thin; }
214: #table-example-1 th { font-weight: normal; }
215: #table-example-1 td { border-style: none solid; vertical-align: top; }
216: #table-example-1 th { padding: 0.5em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; }
217: #table-example-1 tbody tr:first-child td { padding-top: 0.5em; }
218: #table-example-1 tbody tr:last-child td { padding-bottom: 1.5em; }
219: #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child { padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 0; width: 9em; }
220: #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child::after { content: leader(". "); }
221: #table-example-1 tbody td { padding-left: 2em; padding-right: 2em; }
222: #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child + td { width: 10em; }
223: #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child + td ~ td { width: 2.5em; }
224: #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child + td + td + td ~ td { width: 1.25em; }
225:
226: .apple-table-examples { border: none; border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 1.5em 0em; width: 40em; margin-left: 3em; }
227: .apple-table-examples * { font-family: "Times", serif; }
228: .apple-table-examples td, .apple-table-examples th { border: none; white-space: nowrap; padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; }
229: .apple-table-examples tbody th:first-child { border-left: none; width: 100%; }
230: .apple-table-examples thead th:first-child ~ th { font-size: smaller; font-weight: bolder; border-bottom: solid 2px; text-align: center; }
231: .apple-table-examples tbody th::after, .apple-table-examples tfoot th::after { content: leader(". ") }
232: .apple-table-examples tbody th, .apple-table-examples tfoot th { font: inherit; text-align: left; }
233: .apple-table-examples td { text-align: right; vertical-align: top; }
234: .apple-table-examples.e1 tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: solid 1px; }
235: .apple-table-examples.e1 tbody + tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: double 3px; }
236: .apple-table-examples.e2 th[scope=row] { padding-left: 1em; }
237: .apple-table-examples sup { line-height: 0; }
238:
1.13 mike 239: .details-example img { vertical-align: top; }
240:
1.22 mike 241: </style><style type="text/css">
1.24 ! mike 242: .domintro:before { display: table; margin: -1em -0.5em -0.5em auto; width: auto; content: 'This box is non-normative. Implementation requirements are given below this box.'; color: black; font-style: italic; border: solid 2px; background: white; padding: 0 0.25em; }
! 243: </style><link href="data:text/css," id="complete" rel="stylesheet" title="Complete specification"><link href="data:text/css,.impl%20%7B%20display:%20none;%20%7D%0Ahtml%20%7B%20border:%20solid%20yellow;%20%7D%20.domintro:before%20%7B%20display:%20none;%20%7D" id="author" rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Author documentation only"><link href="data:text/css,.impl%20%7B%20background:%20%23FFEEEE;%20%7D%20.domintro:before%20%7B%20background:%20%23FFEEEE;%20%7D" id="highlight" rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Highlight implementation requirements"><script type="text/javascript">
1.12 mike 244: function getCookie(name) {
245: var params = location.search.substr(1).split("&");
246: for (var index = 0; index < params.length; index++) {
247: if (params[index] == name)
248: return "1";
249: var data = params[index].split("=");
250: if (data[0] == name)
251: return unescape(data[1]);
252: }
253: var cookies = document.cookie.split("; ");
254: for (var index = 0; index < cookies.length; index++) {
255: var data = cookies[index].split("=");
256: if (data[0] == name)
257: return unescape(data[1]);
258: }
259: return null;
260: }
261: function load(script) {
262: var e = document.createElement('script');
263: e.setAttribute('src', 'http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/' + script + '?' + encodeURIComponent(location) + '&' + encodeURIComponent(document.referrer));
264: document.body.appendChild(e);
265: }
266: function init() {
267: if (location.search == '?slow-browser')
268: return;
269: var configUI = document.createElement('div');
270: configUI.id = 'configUI';
271: document.body.appendChild(configUI);
272: // load('reviewer.js'); // would need cross-site XHR
273: if (document.getElementById('head'))
274: load('toc.js');
275:
276: // load('updater.js'); // would need cross-site XHR
1.13 mike 277: load('dfn.js'); // doesn't support split-out specs, but, oh well.
1.12 mike 278: // load('status.js'); // would need cross-site XHR
279: if (getCookie('profile') == '1')
280: document.getElementsByTagName('h2')[0].textContent += '; load: ' + (new Date() - loadTimer) + 'ms';
281: fixBrokenLink();
282: }
1.20 mike 283: </script><link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-WD" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><link href="sections.html" title="4.4 Sections" rel="prev">
1.12 mike 284: <link href="Overview.html#contents" title="Table of contents" rel="index">
285: <link href="text-level-semantics.html" title="4.6 Text-level semantics" rel="next">
286: </head><body onload="fixBrokenLink(); init()"><div class="head" id="head">
287: <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>
288: <h1>HTML5 (Author Edition)</h1>
289: </div><div>
290: <a href="sections.html">← 4.4 Sections</a> –
291: <a href="Overview.html#contents">Table of contents</a> –
292: <a href="text-level-semantics.html">4.6 Text-level semantics →</a>
293: <ol class="toc"><li><ol><li><a href="grouping-content.html#grouping-content"><span class="secno">4.5 </span>Grouping content</a>
1.17 mike 294: <ol><li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-p-element"><span class="secno">4.5.1 </span>The <code>p</code> element</a></li><li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-hr-element"><span class="secno">4.5.2 </span>The <code>hr</code> element</a></li><li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-br-element"><span class="secno">4.5.3 </span>The <code>br</code> element</a></li><li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-pre-element"><span class="secno">4.5.4 </span>The <code>pre</code> element</a></li><li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-blockquote-element"><span class="secno">4.5.5 </span>The <code>blockquote</code> element</a></li><li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-ol-element"><span class="secno">4.5.6 </span>The <code>ol</code> element</a></li><li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-ul-element"><span class="secno">4.5.7 </span>The <code>ul</code> element</a></li><li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-li-element"><span class="secno">4.5.8 </span>The <code>li</code> element</a></li><li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-dl-element"><span class="secno">4.5.9 </span>The <code>dl</code> element</a></li><li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-dt-element"><span class="secno">4.5.10 </span>The <code>dt</code> element</a></li><li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-dd-element"><span class="secno">4.5.11 </span>The <code>dd</code> element</a></li><li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-figure-element"><span class="secno">4.5.12 </span>The <code>figure</code> element</a></li><li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-figcaption-element"><span class="secno">4.5.13 </span>The <code>figcaption</code> element</a></li><li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-div-element"><span class="secno">4.5.14 </span>The <code>div</code> element</a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div>
1.12 mike 295:
296: <h3 id="grouping-content"><span class="secno">4.5 </span>Grouping content</h3><p class="XXX annotation"><b>Status: </b><i>Last call for comments</i></p><h4 id="the-p-element"><span class="secno">4.5.1 </span>The <dfn><code>p</code></dfn> element</h4><p class="XXX annotation"><b>Status: </b><i>Last call for comments</i></p><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
297: <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content">Flow content</a>.</dd>
298: <dd><a href="dnd.html#formatblock-candidate"><code title="">formatBlock</code> candidate</a>.</dd>
299: <dt>Contexts in which this element may be used:</dt>
300: <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
301: <dt>Content model:</dt>
302: <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
303: <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
304: <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes">Global attributes</a></dd>
305: <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
306: <dd>
307: <pre class="idl">interface <dfn id="htmlparagraphelement">HTMLParagraphElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement">HTMLElement</a> {};</pre>
308: </dd>
309: </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-p-element">p</a></code> element <a href="#represents">represents</a> a
310: <a href="content-models.html#paragraph">paragraph</a>.</p><div class="example">
311: <p>The following examples are conforming HTML fragments:</p>
312: <pre><p>The little kitten gently seated himself on a piece of
313: carpet. Later in his life, this would be referred to as the time the
314: cat sat on the mat.</p></pre>
315: <pre><fieldset>
316: <legend>Personal information</legend>
317: <p>
318: <label>Name: <input name="n"></label>
319: <label><input name="anon" type="checkbox"> Hide from other users</label>
320: </p>
321: <p><label>Address: <textarea name="a"></textarea></label></p>
322: </fieldset></pre>
323: <pre><p>There was once an example from Femley,<br>
324: Whose markup was of dubious quality.<br>
325: The validator complained,<br>
326: So the author was pained,<br>
327: To move the error from the markup to the rhyming.</p></pre>
328: </div><p>The <code><a href="#the-p-element">p</a></code> element should not be used when a more
329: specific element is more appropriate.</p><div class="example">
330:
331: <p>The following example is technically correct:</p>
332:
333: <pre><section>
334: <!-- ... -->
335: <p>Last modified: 2001-04-23</p>
336: <p>Author: fred@example.com</p>
337: </section></pre>
338:
339: <p>However, it would be better marked-up as:</p>
340:
341: <pre><section>
342: <!-- ... -->
343: <footer>Last modified: 2001-04-23</footer>
344: <address>Author: fred@example.com</address>
345: </section></pre>
346:
347: <p>Or:</p>
348:
349: <pre><section>
350: <!-- ... -->
351: <footer>
352: <p>Last modified: 2001-04-23</p>
353: <address>Author: fred@example.com</address>
354: </footer>
355: </section></pre>
356:
357: </div><h4 id="the-hr-element"><span class="secno">4.5.2 </span>The <dfn><code>hr</code></dfn> element</h4><p class="XXX annotation"><b>Status: </b><i>Last call for comments</i></p><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
358: <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content">Flow content</a>.</dd>
359: <dt>Contexts in which this element may be used:</dt>
360: <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
361: <dt>Content model:</dt>
362: <dd>Empty.</dd>
363: <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
364: <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes">Global attributes</a></dd>
365: <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
366: <dd>
367: <pre class="idl">interface <dfn id="htmlhrelement">HTMLHRElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement">HTMLElement</a> {};</pre>
368: </dd>
369: </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-hr-element">hr</a></code> element <a href="#represents">represents</a> a
370: <a href="content-models.html#paragraph">paragraph</a>-level thematic break, e.g. a scene change in
371: a story, or a transition to another topic within a section of a
372: reference book.</p><div class="example">
373:
374: <p>The following extract from <cite>Pandora's Star</cite> by Peter
375: F. Hamilton shows two paragraphs that precede a scene change and
376: the paragraph that follows it. The scene change, represented in the
377: printed book by a gap containing a solitary centered star between
378: the second and third paragraphs, is here represented using the
379: <code><a href="#the-hr-element">hr</a></code> element.</p>
380:
381: <!-- ISBN 1-4050-0020-1; bottom of page 14 -->
382:
383: <pre lang="en-GB"><p>Dudley was ninety-two, in his second life, and fast approaching
384: time for another rejuvenation. Despite his body having the physical
385: age of a standard fifty-year-old, the prospect of a long degrading
386: campaign within academia was one he regarded with dread. For a
387: supposedly advanced civilization, the Intersolar Commonwearth could be
388: appallingly backward at times, not to mention cruel.</p>
389: <p><i>Maybe it won't be that bad</i>, he told himself. The lie was
390: comforting enough to get him through the rest of the night's
391: shift.</p>
392: <strong><hr></strong>
393: <p>The Carlton AllLander drove Dudley home just after dawn. Like the
394: astronomer, the vehicle was old and worn, but perfectly capable of
395: doing its job. It had a cheap diesel engine, common enough on a
396: semi-frontier world like Gralmond, although its drive array was a
397: thoroughly modern photoneural processor. With its high suspension and
398: deep-tread tyres it could plough along the dirt track to the
399: observatory in all weather and seasons, including the metre-deep snow
400: of Gralmond's winters.</p></pre>
401:
402: </div><h4 id="the-br-element"><span class="secno">4.5.3 </span>The <dfn><code>br</code></dfn> element</h4><p class="XXX annotation"><b>Status: </b><i>Last call for comments</i></p><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
403: <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content">Flow content</a>.</dd>
404: <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
405: <dt>Contexts in which this element may be used:</dt>
406: <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content">phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
407: <dt>Content model:</dt>
408: <dd>Empty.</dd>
409: <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
410: <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes">Global attributes</a></dd>
411: <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
412: <dd>
413: <pre class="idl">interface <dfn id="htmlbrelement">HTMLBRElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement">HTMLElement</a> {};</pre>
414: </dd>
415: </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-br-element">br</a></code> element <a href="#represents">represents</a> a line
416: break.</p><p><code><a href="#the-br-element">br</a></code> elements must be used only for line breaks that
417: are actually part of the content, as in poems or addresses.</p><div class="example">
418:
419: <p>The following example is correct usage of the <code><a href="#the-br-element">br</a></code>
420: element:</p>
421:
422: <pre><p>P. Sherman<br>
423: 42 Wallaby Way<br>
424: Sydney</p></pre>
425:
426: </div><p><code><a href="#the-br-element">br</a></code> elements must not be used for separating thematic
427: groups in a paragraph.</p><div class="example">
428:
429: <p>The following examples are non-conforming, as they abuse the
430: <code><a href="#the-br-element">br</a></code> element:</p>
431:
432: <pre><p><a ...>34 comments.</a><br>
433: <a ...>Add a comment.</a></p></pre>
434:
435: <pre><p><label>Name: <input name="name"></label><br>
436: <label>Address: <input name="address"></label></p></pre>
437:
438: <p>Here are alternatives to the above, which are correct:</p>
439:
440: <pre><p><a ...>34 comments.</a></p>
441: <p><a ...>Add a comment.</a></p></pre>
442:
443: <pre><p><label>Name: <input name="name"></label></p>
444: <p><label>Address: <input name="address"></label></p></pre>
445:
446: </div><p>If a <a href="content-models.html#paragraph">paragraph</a> consists of nothing but a single
447: <code><a href="#the-br-element">br</a></code> element, it represents a placeholder blank line
448: (e.g. as in a template). Such blank lines must not be used for
449: presentation purposes.</p><h4 id="the-pre-element"><span class="secno">4.5.4 </span>The <dfn><code>pre</code></dfn> element</h4><p class="XXX annotation"><b>Status: </b><i>Last call for comments</i></p><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
450: <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content">Flow content</a>.</dd>
451: <dd><a href="dnd.html#formatblock-candidate"><code title="">formatBlock</code> candidate</a>.</dd>
452: <dt>Contexts in which this element may be used:</dt>
453: <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
454: <dt>Content model:</dt>
455: <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
456: <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
457: <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes">Global attributes</a></dd>
458: <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
459: <dd>
460: <pre class="idl">interface <dfn id="htmlpreelement">HTMLPreElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement">HTMLElement</a> {};</pre>
461: </dd>
462: </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-pre-element">pre</a></code> element <a href="#represents">represents</a> a block of
463: preformatted text, in which structure is represented by typographic
464: conventions rather than by elements.</p><p class="note">In <a href="syntax.html#syntax">the HTML syntax</a>, a leading
465: newline character immediately following the <code><a href="#the-pre-element">pre</a></code> element
466: start tag is stripped.</p><p>Some examples of cases where the <code><a href="#the-pre-element">pre</a></code> element could
467: be used:</p><ul><li>Including an e-mail, with paragraphs indicated by blank lines,
468: lists indicated by lines prefixed with a bullet, and so on.</li>
469:
470: <li>Including fragments of computer code, with structure indicated
471: according to the conventions of that language.</li>
472:
473: <li>Displaying ASCII art.</li>
474:
475: </ul><p class="note">Authors are encouraged to consider how preformatted
476: text will be experienced when the formatting is lost, as will be the
477: case for users of speech synthesizers, braille displays, and the
478: like. For cases like ASCII art, it is likely that an alternative
479: presentation, such as a textual description, would be more
480: universally accessible to the readers of the document.</p><p>To represent a block of computer code, the <code><a href="#the-pre-element">pre</a></code>
481: element can be used with a <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-code-element">code</a></code> element; to represent a
482: block of computer output the <code><a href="#the-pre-element">pre</a></code> element can be used
483: with a <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-samp-element">samp</a></code> element. Similarly, the <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-kbd-element">kbd</a></code>
484: element can be used within a <code><a href="#the-pre-element">pre</a></code> element to indicate
485: text that the user is to enter.</p><div class="example">
486:
487: <p>In the following snippet, a sample of computer code is
488: presented.</p>
489:
490: <pre><p>This is the <code>Panel</code> constructor:</p>
491: <pre><code>function Panel(element, canClose, closeHandler) {
492: this.element = element;
493: this.canClose = canClose;
494: this.closeHandler = function () { if (closeHandler) closeHandler() };
495: }</code></pre></pre>
496:
497: </div><div class="example">
498:
499: <p>In the following snippet, <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-samp-element">samp</a></code> and <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-kbd-element">kbd</a></code>
500: elements are mixed in the contents of a <code><a href="#the-pre-element">pre</a></code> element to
501: show a session of Zork I.</p>
502:
503: <pre><pre><samp>You are in an open field west of a big white house with a boarded
504: front door.
505: There is a small mailbox here.
506:
507: ></samp> <kbd>open mailbox</kbd>
508:
509: <samp>Opening the mailbox reveals:
510: A leaflet.
511:
512: ></samp></pre></pre>
513:
514: </div><div class="example">
515:
516: <p>The following shows a contemporary poem that uses the
517: <code><a href="#the-pre-element">pre</a></code> element to preserve its unusual formatting, which
518: forms an intrinsic part of the poem itself.</p>
519:
520: <pre><pre> maxling
521:
522: it is with a heart
523: heavy
524:
525: that i admit loss of a feline
526: so loved
527:
528: a friend lost to the
529: unknown
530: (night)
531:
532: ~cdr 11dec07</pre></pre>
533:
534: </div><h4 id="the-blockquote-element"><span class="secno">4.5.5 </span>The <dfn><code>blockquote</code></dfn> element</h4><p class="XXX annotation"><b>Status: </b><i>Last call for comments</i></p><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
535: <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content">Flow content</a>.</dd>
536: <dd><a href="sections.html#sectioning-root">Sectioning root</a>.</dd>
537: <dd><a href="dnd.html#formatblock-candidate"><code title="">formatBlock</code> candidate</a>.</dd>
538: <dt>Contexts in which this element may be used:</dt>
539: <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
540: <dt>Content model:</dt>
541: <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content">Flow content</a>.</dd>
542: <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
543: <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes">Global attributes</a></dd>
544: <dd><code title="attr-blockquote-cite"><a href="#attr-blockquote-cite">cite</a></code></dd>
545: <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
546: <dd>
547: <pre class="idl">interface <dfn id="htmlquoteelement">HTMLQuoteElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement">HTMLElement</a> {
548: attribute DOMString <a href="#dom-quote-cite" title="dom-quote-cite">cite</a>;
549: };</pre>
550: <p class="note">The <code><a href="#htmlquoteelement">HTMLQuoteElement</a></code> interface is
551: also used by the <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-q-element">q</a></code> element.</p>
552: </dd>
553: </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-blockquote-element">blockquote</a></code> element <a href="#represents">represents</a> a
554: section that is quoted from another source.</p><p>Content inside a <code><a href="#the-blockquote-element">blockquote</a></code> must be quoted from
555: another source, whose address, if it has one, should be cited in the
556: <dfn id="attr-blockquote-cite" title="attr-blockquote-cite"><code>cite</code></dfn>
557: attribute.</p><p>If the <code title="attr-blockquote-cite"><a href="#attr-blockquote-cite">cite</a></code> attribute
558: is present, it must be a <a href="urls.html#valid-url">valid URL</a>. </p><div class="example">
559:
560: <p>This next example shows the use of <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-cite-element">cite</a></code> alongside
561: <code><a href="#the-blockquote-element">blockquote</a></code>:</p>
562:
563: <pre><p>His next piece was the aptly named <cite>Sonnet 130</cite>:</p>
564: <blockquote cite="http://quotes.example.org/s/sonnet130.html">
565: <p>My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun,<br>
566: Coral is far more red, than her lips red,<br>
567: ...</pre>
568:
569: </div><div class="example">
570:
571: <p>This example shows how a forum post could use
572: <code><a href="#the-blockquote-element">blockquote</a></code> to show what post a user is replying
573: to. The <code><a href="sections.html#the-article-element">article</a></code> element is used for each post, to mark
574: up the threading.</p>
575:
576: <pre><article>
577: <h1><a href="http://bacon.example.com/?blog=109431">Bacon on a crowbar</a></h1>
578: <article>
579: <header><strong>t3yw</strong> 12 points 1 hour ago</header>
580: <p>I bet a narwhal would love that.</p>
581: <footer><a href="?pid=29578">permalink</a></footer>
582: <article>
583: <header><strong>greg</strong> 8 points 1 hour ago</header>
584: <blockquote><p>I bet a narwhal would love that.</p></blockquote>
585: <p>Dude narwhals don't eat bacon.</p>
586: <footer><a href="?pid=29579">permalink</a></footer>
587: <article>
588: <header><strong>t3yw</strong> 15 points 1 hour ago</header>
589: <blockquote>
590: <blockquote><p>I bet a narwhal would love that.</p></blockquote>
591: <p>Dude narwhals don't eat bacon.</p>
592: </blockquote>
593: <p>Next thing you'll be saying they don't get capes and wizard
594: hats either!</p>
595: <footer><a href="?pid=29580">permalink</a></footer>
596: <article>
597: <article>
598: <header><strong>boing</strong> -5 points 1 hour ago</header>
599: <p>narwhals are worse than ceiling cat</p>
600: <footer><a href="?pid=29581">permalink</a></footer>
601: </article>
602: </article>
603: </article>
604: </article>
605: <article>
606: <header><strong>fred</strong> 1 points 23 minutes ago</header>
607: <blockquote><p>I bet a narwhal would love that.</p></blockquote>
608: <p>I bet they'd love to peel a banana too.</p>
609: <footer><a href="?pid=29582">permalink</a></footer>
610: </article>
611: </article>
612: </article></pre>
613:
1.16 mike 614: </div><p class="note"><a href="links.html#conversations">Examples of how to
1.12 mike 615: represent a conversation</a> are shown in a later section; it is not
616: appropriate to use the <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-cite-element">cite</a></code> and <code><a href="#the-blockquote-element">blockquote</a></code>
617: elements for this purpose.</p><h4 id="the-ol-element"><span class="secno">4.5.6 </span>The <dfn><code>ol</code></dfn> element</h4><p class="XXX annotation"><b>Status: </b><i>Last call for comments</i></p><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
618: <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content">Flow content</a>.</dd>
619: <dt>Contexts in which this element may be used:</dt>
620: <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
621: <dt>Content model:</dt>
622: <dd>Zero or more <code><a href="#the-li-element">li</a></code> elements.</dd>
623: <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
624: <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes">Global attributes</a></dd>
625: <dd><code title="attr-ol-reversed"><a href="#attr-ol-reversed">reversed</a></code></dd>
626: <dd><code title="attr-ol-start"><a href="#attr-ol-start">start</a></code></dd>
627: <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
628: <dd>
629: <pre class="idl">interface <dfn id="htmlolistelement">HTMLOListElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement">HTMLElement</a> {
630: attribute boolean <a href="#dom-ol-reversed" title="dom-ol-reversed">reversed</a>;
631: attribute long <a href="#dom-ol-start" title="dom-ol-start">start</a>;
632: };</pre>
633: </dd>
634: </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-ol-element">ol</a></code> element <a href="#represents">represents</a> a list of
635: items, where the items have been intentionally ordered, such that
636: changing the order would change the meaning of the document.</p><p>The items of the list are the <code><a href="#the-li-element">li</a></code> element child nodes
637: of the <code><a href="#the-ol-element">ol</a></code> element, in <a href="infrastructure.html#tree-order">tree order</a>.</p><p>The <dfn id="attr-ol-reversed" title="attr-ol-reversed"><code>reversed</code></dfn>
638: attribute is a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#boolean-attribute">boolean attribute</a>. If present, it
639: indicates that the list is a descending list (..., 3, 2, 1). If the
640: attribute is omitted, the list is an ascending list (1, 2, 3,
641: ...).</p><p>The <dfn id="attr-ol-start" title="attr-ol-start"><code>start</code></dfn>
642: attribute, if present, must be a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-integer">valid integer</a> giving
643: the ordinal value of the first list item.</p><!-- v2: resuming numbering of lists from previous lists? --><div class="example">
644:
645: <p>The following markup shows a list where the order matters, and
646: where the <code><a href="#the-ol-element">ol</a></code> element is therefore appropriate. Compare
647: this list to the equivalent list in the <code><a href="#the-ul-element">ul</a></code> section to
648: see an example of the same items using the <code><a href="#the-ul-element">ul</a></code>
649: element.</p>
650:
651: <pre><p>I have lived in the following countries (given in the order of when
652: I first lived there):</p>
653: <ol>
654: <li>Switzerland
655: <li>United Kingdom
656: <li>United States
657: <li>Norway
658: </ol></pre>
659:
660: <p>Note how changing the order of the list changes the meaning of
661: the document. In the following example, changing the relative order
662: of the first two items has changed the birthplace of the
663: author:</p>
664:
665: <pre><p>I have lived in the following countries (given in the order of when
666: I first lived there):</p>
667: <ol>
668: <li>United Kingdom
669: <li>Switzerland
670: <li>United States
671: <li>Norway
672: </ol></pre>
673:
674: </div><h4 id="the-ul-element"><span class="secno">4.5.7 </span>The <dfn><code>ul</code></dfn> element</h4><p class="XXX annotation"><b>Status: </b><i>Last call for comments</i></p><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
675: <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content">Flow content</a>.</dd>
676: <dt>Contexts in which this element may be used:</dt>
677: <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
678: <dt>Content model:</dt>
679: <dd>Zero or more <code><a href="#the-li-element">li</a></code> elements.</dd>
680: <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
681: <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes">Global attributes</a></dd>
682: <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
683: <dd>
684: <pre class="idl">interface <dfn id="htmlulistelement">HTMLUListElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement">HTMLElement</a> {};</pre>
685: </dd>
686: </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-ul-element">ul</a></code> element <a href="#represents">represents</a> a list of
687: items, where the order of the items is not important — that
688: is, where changing the order would not materially change the meaning
689: of the document.</p><p>The items of the list are the <code><a href="#the-li-element">li</a></code> element child nodes
690: of the <code><a href="#the-ul-element">ul</a></code> element.</p><div class="example">
691:
692: <p>The following markup shows a list where the order does not
693: matter, and where the <code><a href="#the-ul-element">ul</a></code> element is therefore
694: appropriate. Compare this list to the equivalent list in the
695: <code><a href="#the-ol-element">ol</a></code> section to see an example of the same items using
696: the <code><a href="#the-ol-element">ol</a></code> element.</p>
697:
698: <pre><p>I have lived in the following countries:</p>
699: <ul>
700: <li>Norway
701: <li>Switzerland
702: <li>United Kingdom
703: <li>United States
704: </ul></pre>
705:
706: <p>Note that changing the order of the list does not change the
707: meaning of the document. The items in the snippet above are given
708: in alphabetical order, but in the snippet below they are given in
709: order of the size of their current account balance in 2007, without
710: changing the meaning of the document whatsoever:</p>
711:
712: <pre><p>I have lived in the following countries:</p>
713: <ul>
714: <li>Switzerland
715: <li>Norway
716: <li>United Kingdom
717: <li>United States
718: </ul></pre>
719:
720: </div><h4 id="the-li-element"><span class="secno">4.5.8 </span>The <dfn><code>li</code></dfn> element</h4><p class="XXX annotation"><b>Status: </b><i>Last call for comments</i></p><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
721: <dd>None.</dd>
722: <dt>Contexts in which this element may be used:</dt>
723: <dd>Inside <code><a href="#the-ol-element">ol</a></code> elements.</dd>
724: <dd>Inside <code><a href="#the-ul-element">ul</a></code> elements.</dd>
725: <dd>Inside <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#menus">menu</a></code> elements.</dd>
726: <dt>Content model:</dt>
727: <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content">Flow content</a>.</dd>
728: <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
729: <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes">Global attributes</a></dd>
730: <dd>If the element is a child of an <code><a href="#the-ol-element">ol</a></code> element: <code title="attr-li-value"><a href="#attr-li-value">value</a></code></dd>
731: <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
732: <dd>
733: <pre class="idl">interface <dfn id="htmllielement">HTMLLIElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement">HTMLElement</a> {
734: attribute long <a href="#dom-li-value" title="dom-li-value">value</a>;
735: };</pre>
736: </dd>
737: </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-li-element">li</a></code> element <a href="#represents">represents</a> a list
738: item. If its parent element is an <code><a href="#the-ol-element">ol</a></code>, <code><a href="#the-ul-element">ul</a></code>,
739: or <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#menus">menu</a></code> element, then the element is an item of the
740: parent element's list, as defined for those elements. Otherwise, the
741: list item has no defined list-related relationship to any other
742: <code><a href="#the-li-element">li</a></code> element.</p><p>The <dfn id="attr-li-value" title="attr-li-value"><code>value</code></dfn>
743: attribute, if present, must be a <a href="common-microsyntaxes.html#valid-integer">valid integer</a> giving
744: the ordinal value of the list item.</p><div class="example">
745: <p>The following example, the top ten movies are listed (in reverse
746: order). Note the way the list is given a title by using a
1.17 mike 747: <code><a href="#the-figure-element">figure</a></code> element and its <code><a href="#the-figcaption-element">figcaption</a></code>
1.14 mike 748: element.</p>
1.12 mike 749: <pre><figure>
1.14 mike 750: <figcaption>The top 10 movies of all time</figcaption>
751: <ol>
752: <li value="10"><cite>Josie and the Pussycats</cite>, 2001</li>
753: <li value="9"><cite lang="sh">Црна мачка, бели мачор</cite>, 1998</li>
754: <li value="8"><cite>A Bug's Life</cite>, 1998</li>
755: <li value="7"><cite>Toy Story</cite>, 1995</li>
756: <li value="6"><cite>Monsters, Inc</cite>, 2001</li>
757: <li value="5"><cite>Cars</cite>, 2006</li>
758: <li value="4"><cite>Toy Story 2</cite>, 1999</li>
759: <li value="3"><cite>Finding Nemo</cite>, 2003</li>
760: <li value="2"><cite>The Incredibles</cite>, 2004</li>
761: <li value="1"><cite>Ratatouille</cite>, 2007</li>
762: </ol>
1.12 mike 763: </figure></pre>
764:
765: <p>The markup could also be written as follows, using the <code title="attr-ol-reversed"><a href="#attr-ol-reversed">reversed</a></code> attribute on the
766: <code><a href="#the-ol-element">ol</a></code> element:</p>
767:
768: <pre><figure>
1.14 mike 769: <figcaption>The top 10 movies of all time</figcaption>
770: <ol reversed>
771: <li><cite>Josie and the Pussycats</cite>, 2001</li>
772: <li><cite lang="sh">Црна мачка, бели мачор</cite>, 1998</li>
773: <li><cite>A Bug's Life</cite>, 1998</li>
774: <li><cite>Toy Story</cite>, 1995</li>
775: <li><cite>Monsters, Inc</cite>, 2001</li>
776: <li><cite>Cars</cite>, 2006</li>
777: <li><cite>Toy Story 2</cite>, 1999</li>
778: <li><cite>Finding Nemo</cite>, 2003</li>
779: <li><cite>The Incredibles</cite>, 2004</li>
780: <li><cite>Ratatouille</cite>, 2007</li>
781: </ol>
1.12 mike 782: </figure></pre>
783: </div><p class="note">If the <code><a href="#the-li-element">li</a></code> element is the child of a
784: <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#menus">menu</a></code> element and itself has a child that defines a
785: <a href="commands.html#concept-command" title="concept-command">command</a>, then the
786: <code><a href="#the-li-element">li</a></code> element will match the <code title="selector-enabled"><a href="#selector-enabled">:enabled</a></code> and <code title="selector-disabled"><a href="#selector-disabled">:disabled</a></code> pseudo-classes in the
787: same way as the first such child element does.</p><h4 id="the-dl-element"><span class="secno">4.5.9 </span>The <dfn><code>dl</code></dfn> element</h4><p class="XXX annotation"><b>Status: </b><i>Last call for comments</i></p><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
788: <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content">Flow content</a>.</dd>
789: <dt>Contexts in which this element may be used:</dt>
790: <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
791: <dt>Content model:</dt>
792: <dd>Zero or more groups each consisting of one or more
793: <code><a href="#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> elements followed by one or more <code><a href="#the-dd-element">dd</a></code>
794: elements.</dd>
795: <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
796: <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes">Global attributes</a></dd>
797: <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
798: <dd>
799: <pre class="idl">interface <dfn id="htmldlistelement">HTMLDListElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement">HTMLElement</a> {};</pre>
800: </dd>
801: </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-dl-element">dl</a></code> element <a href="#represents">represents</a> an
802: association list consisting of zero or more name-value groups (a
803: description list). Each group must consist of one or more names
804: (<code><a href="#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> elements) followed by one or more values
805: (<code><a href="#the-dd-element">dd</a></code> elements). Within a single <code><a href="#the-dl-element">dl</a></code> element,
806: there should not be more than one <code><a href="#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> element for each
807: name.</p><p>Name-value groups may be terms and definitions, metadata topics
808: and values, or any other groups of name-value data.</p><p>The values within a group are alternatives; multiple paragraphs
809: forming part of the same value must all be given within the same
810: <code><a href="#the-dd-element">dd</a></code> element.</p><p>The order of the list of groups, and of the names and values
811: within each group, may be significant.</p><div class="example">
812: <p>In the following example, one entry ("Authors") is linked to two
813: values ("John" and "Luke").</p>
814: <pre><dl>
815: <dt> Authors
816: <dd> John
817: <dd> Luke
818: <dt> Editor
819: <dd> Frank
820: </dl></pre>
821: </div><div class="example">
822: <p>In the following example, one definition is linked to two
823: terms.</p>
824: <pre><dl>
825: <dt lang="en-US"> <dfn>color</dfn> </dt>
826: <dt lang="en-GB"> <dfn>colour</dfn> </dt>
827: <dd> A sensation which (in humans) derives from the ability of
828: the fine structure of the eye to distinguish three differently
829: filtered analyses of a view. </dd>
830: </dl></pre>
831: </div><div class="example">
832: <p>The following example illustrates the use of the <code><a href="#the-dl-element">dl</a></code>
833: element to mark up metadata of sorts. At the end of the example,
834: one group has two metadata labels ("Authors" and "Editors") and two
835: values ("Robert Rothman" and "Daniel Jackson").</p>
836: <pre><dl>
837: <dt> Last modified time </dt>
838: <dd> 2004-12-23T23:33Z </dd>
839: <dt> Recommended update interval </dt>
840: <dd> 60s </dd>
841: <dt> Authors </dt>
842: <dt> Editors </dt>
843: <dd> Robert Rothman </dd>
844: <dd> Daniel Jackson </dd>
845: </dl></pre>
846: </div><div class="example">
847:
848: <p>The following example shows the <code><a href="#the-dl-element">dl</a></code> element used to
849: give a set of instructions. The order of the instructions here is
850: important (in the other examples, the order of the blocks was not
851: important).</p>
852:
853: <pre><p>Determine the victory points as follows (use the
854: first matching case):</p>
855: <dl>
856: <dt> If you have exactly five gold coins </dt>
857: <dd> You get five victory points </dd>
858: <dt> If you have one or more gold coins, and you have one or more silver coins </dt>
859: <dd> You get two victory points </dd>
860: <dt> If you have one or more silver coins </dt>
861: <dd> You get one victory point </dd>
862: <dt> Otherwise </dt>
863: <dd> You get no victory points </dd>
864: </dl></pre>
865: </div><div class="example">
866: <p>The following snippet shows a <code><a href="#the-dl-element">dl</a></code> element being used
867: as a glossary. Note the use of <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element">dfn</a></code> to indicate the
868: word being defined.</p>
869: <pre><dl>
870: <dt><dfn>Apartment</dfn>, n.</dt>
871: <dd>An execution context grouping one or more threads with one or
872: more COM objects.</dd>
873: <dt><dfn>Flat</dfn>, n.</dt>
874: <dd>A deflated tire.</dd>
875: <dt><dfn>Home</dfn>, n.</dt>
876: <dd>The user's login directory.</dd>
877: </dl></pre>
878: </div><p class="note">The <code><a href="#the-dl-element">dl</a></code> element is inappropriate for
1.16 mike 879: marking up dialogue. <a href="links.html#conversations">Examples of how to
1.12 mike 880: mark up dialogue</a> are shown below.</p><h4 id="the-dt-element"><span class="secno">4.5.10 </span>The <dfn><code>dt</code></dfn> element</h4><p class="XXX annotation"><b>Status: </b><i>Last call for comments</i></p><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
881: <dd>None.</dd>
882: <dt>Contexts in which this element may be used:</dt>
883: <dd>Before <code><a href="#the-dd-element">dd</a></code> or <code><a href="#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> elements inside <code><a href="#the-dl-element">dl</a></code> elements.</dd>
884: <dt>Content model:</dt>
1.14 mike 885: <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
1.12 mike 886: <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
887: <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes">Global attributes</a></dd>
888: <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
889: <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
1.14 mike 890: </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> element <a href="#represents">represents</a> the term, or
891: name, part of a term-description group in a description list
892: (<code><a href="#the-dl-element">dl</a></code> element).</p><p class="note">The <code><a href="#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> element itself, when used in a
1.12 mike 893: <code><a href="#the-dl-element">dl</a></code> element, does not indicate that its contents are a
894: term being defined, but this can be indicated using the
1.23 mike 895: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element">dfn</a></code> element.</p><div class="example">
896:
897: <p>This example shows a list of frequently asked questions (a FAQ)
898: marked up using the <code><a href="#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> element for questions and the
899: <code><a href="#the-dd-element">dd</a></code> element for answers.</p>
900:
901: <pre><article>
902: <h1>FAQ</h1>
903: <dl>
904: <dt>What do we want?</dt>
905: <dd>Our data.</dd>
906: <dt>When do we want it?</dt>
907: <dd>Now.</dd>
908: <dt>Where is it?</dt>
909: <dd>We are not sure.</dd>
910: </dl>
911: </article></pre>
912:
913: </div><h4 id="the-dd-element"><span class="secno">4.5.11 </span>The <dfn><code>dd</code></dfn> element</h4><p class="XXX annotation"><b>Status: </b><i>Last call for comments</i></p><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
1.12 mike 914: <dd>None.</dd>
915: <dt>Contexts in which this element may be used:</dt>
916: <dd>After <code><a href="#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> or <code><a href="#the-dd-element">dd</a></code> elements inside <code><a href="#the-dl-element">dl</a></code> elements.</dd>
917: <dt>Content model:</dt>
918: <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content">Flow content</a>.</dd>
919: <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
920: <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes">Global attributes</a></dd>
921: <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
922: <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
1.14 mike 923: </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-dd-element">dd</a></code> element <a href="#represents">represents</a> the
1.12 mike 924: description, definition, or value, part of a term-description group
1.14 mike 925: in a description list (<code><a href="#the-dl-element">dl</a></code> element).</p><div class="example">
1.12 mike 926:
927: <p>A <code><a href="#the-dl-element">dl</a></code> can be used to define a vocabulary list, like
928: in a dictionary. In the following example, each entry, given by a
929: <code><a href="#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> with a <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element">dfn</a></code>, has several
930: <code><a href="#the-dd-element">dd</a></code>s, showing the various parts of the definition.</p>
931:
932: <!-- the actual pronunciations below are nonsense. -->
933: <pre><dl>
934: <dt><dfn>happiness</dfn></dt>
935: <dd class="pronunciation">/'hæ p. nes/</dd>
936: <dd class="part-of-speech"><i><abbr>n.</abbr></i></dd>
937: <dd>The state of being happy.</dd>
938: <dd>Good fortune; success. <q>Oh <b>happiness</b>! It worked!</q></dd>
939: <dt><dfn>rejoice</dfn></dt>
940: <dd class="pronunciation">/ri jois'/</dd>
941: <dd><i class="part-of-speech"><abbr>v.intr.</abbr></i> To be delighted oneself.</dd>
942: <dd><i class="part-of-speech"><abbr>v.tr.</abbr></i> To cause one to be delighted.</dd>
943: </dl></pre>
1.18 mike 944: </div><h4 id="the-figure-element"><span class="secno">4.5.12 </span>The <dfn><code>figure</code></dfn> element</h4><p class="XXX annotation"><b>Status: </b><i>Last call for comments. </i><span><a href="http://www.w3.org/html/wg/tracker/issues/90">ISSUE-90</a> (figure) blocks progress to Last Call</span></p><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
1.17 mike 945: <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content">Flow content</a>.</dd>
946: <dd><a href="sections.html#sectioning-root">Sectioning root</a>.</dd>
947: <dt>Contexts in which this element may be used:</dt>
948: <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
949: <dt>Content model:</dt>
1.19 mike 950: <dd>Either: One <code><a href="#the-figcaption-element">figcaption</a></code> element followed by <a href="content-models.html#flow-content">flow content</a>.</dd>
951: <dd>Or: <a href="content-models.html#flow-content">Flow content</a> followed by one <code><a href="#the-figcaption-element">figcaption</a></code> element.</dd>
952: <dd>Or: <a href="content-models.html#flow-content">Flow content</a>.</dd>
1.17 mike 953: <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
954: <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes">Global attributes</a></dd>
955: <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
956: <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
957: </dl><!-- v2: Add a <credit> element for photo credits --><p>The <code><a href="#the-figure-element">figure</a></code> element <a href="#represents">represents</a> some
958: <a href="content-models.html#flow-content">flow content</a>, optionally with a caption, that is
959: self-contained and is typically referenced as a single unit from the
960: main flow of the document.</p><p>The element can thus be used to annotate illustrations, diagrams,
961: photos, code listings, etc, that are referred to from the main
962: content of the document, but that could, without affecting the flow
963: of the document, be moved away from that primary content, e.g. to
964: the side of the page, to dedicated pages, or to an appendix.</p><p>The <code><a href="#the-figcaption-element">figcaption</a></code>
965: element child of the element, if any, represents the caption of the
966: <code><a href="#the-figure-element">figure</a></code> element's contents. If there is no child
967: <code><a href="#the-figcaption-element">figcaption</a></code> element, then there is no caption.</p><div class="example">
968:
969: <p>This example shows the <code><a href="#the-figure-element">figure</a></code> element to mark up a
970: code listing.</p>
971:
972: <pre><p>In <a href="#l4">listing 4</a> we see the primary core interface
973: API declaration.</p>
974: <figure id="l4">
975: <figcaption>Listing 4. The primary core interface API declaration.</figcaption>
976: <pre><code>interface PrimaryCore {
977: boolean verifyDataLine();
978: void sendData(in sequence&lt;byte> data);
979: void initSelfDestruct();
980: }</code></pre>
981: </figure>
982: <p>The API is designed to use UTF-8.</p></pre>
983:
984: </div><div class="example">
985:
986: <p>Here we see a <code><a href="#the-figure-element">figure</a></code> element to mark up a
987: photo.</p>
988:
989: <pre><figure>
990: <img src="bubbles-work.jpeg"
991: alt="Bubbles, sitting in his office chair, works on his
992: latest project intently.">
993: <figcaption>Bubbles at work</figcaption>
994: </figure></pre>
995:
996: </div><div class="example">
997:
998: <p>In this example, we see an image that is <em>not</em>
999: a figure, as well as an image and a video that are.</p>
1000:
1001: <pre><h2>Malinko's comics</h2>
1002:
1003: <p>This case centered on some sort of "intellectual property"
1004: infringement related to a comic (see Exhibit A). The suit started
1005: after a trailer ending with these words:
1006:
1007: <blockquote>
1008: <img src="promblem-packed-action.png" alt="ROUGH COPY! Promblem-Packed Action!">
1009: </blockquote>
1010:
1011: <p>...was aired. A lawyer, armed with a Bigger Notebook, launched a
1012: preemptive strike using snowballs. A complete copy of the trailer is
1013: included with Exhibit B.
1014:
1015: <figure>
1016: <img src="ex-a.png" alt="Two squiggles on a dirty piece of paper.">
1017: <figcaption>Exhibit A. The alleged <cite>rough copy</cite> comic.</figcaption>
1018: </figure>
1019:
1020: <figure>
1021: <video src="ex-b.mov"></video>
1022: <figcaption>Exhibit B. The <cite>Rough Copy</cite> trailer.</figcaption>
1023: </figure>
1024:
1025: <p>The case was resolved out of court.</pre>
1026:
1027: </div><div class="example">
1028:
1029: <p>Here, a part of a poem is marked up using
1030: <code><a href="#the-figure-element">figure</a></code>.</p>
1031:
1032: <pre><figure>
1033: <p>'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves<br>
1034: Did gyre and gimble in the wabe;<br>
1035: All mimsy were the borogoves,<br>
1036: And the mome raths outgrabe.</p>
1037: <figcaption><cite>Jabberwocky</cite> (first verse). Lewis Carroll, 1832-98</figcaption>
1038: </figure></pre>
1039:
1040: </div><div class="example">
1041:
1042: <p>In this example, which could be part of a much larger work
1043: discussing a castle, the figure has three images in it.</p>
1044:
1045: <pre><figure>
1046: <img src="castle1423.jpeg" title="Etching. Anonymous, ca. 1423."
1047: alt="The castle has one tower, and a tall wall around it.">
1048: <img src="castle1858.jpeg" title="Oil-based paint on canvas. Maria Towle, 1858."
1049: alt="The castle now has two towers and two walls.">
1050: <img src="castle1999.jpeg" title="Film photograph. Peter Jankle, 1999."
1051: alt="The castle lies in ruins, the original tower all that remains in one piece.">
1052: <figcaption>The castle through the ages: 1423, 1858, and 1999 respectively.</figcaption>
1053: </figure></pre>
1054:
1055: </div><h4 id="the-figcaption-element"><span class="secno">4.5.13 </span>The <dfn><code>figcaption</code></dfn> element</h4><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
1056: <dd>None.</dd>
1057: <dt>Contexts in which this element may be used:</dt>
1058: <dd>As the first or last child of a <code><a href="#the-figure-element">figure</a></code> element.</dd>
1059: <dt>Content model:</dt>
1060: <dd><a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
1061: <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
1062: <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes">Global attributes</a></dd>
1063: <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
1064: <dd>Uses <code><a href="elements.html#htmlelement">HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
1065: </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-figcaption-element">figcaption</a></code> element <a href="#represents">represents</a> a
1066: caption or legend for the rest of the contents of the
1067: <code><a href="#the-figcaption-element">figcaption</a></code> element's parent <code><a href="#the-figure-element">figure</a></code>
1068: element.</p><h4 id="the-div-element"><span class="secno">4.5.14 </span>The <dfn><code>div</code></dfn> element</h4><p class="XXX annotation"><b>Status: </b><i>Last call for comments</i></p><dl class="element"><dt>Categories</dt>
1.12 mike 1069: <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content">Flow content</a>.</dd>
1070: <dd><a href="dnd.html#formatblock-candidate"><code title="">formatBlock</code> candidate</a>.</dd>
1071: <dt>Contexts in which this element may be used:</dt>
1072: <dd>Where <a href="content-models.html#flow-content">flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
1073: <dt>Content model:</dt>
1074: <dd><a href="content-models.html#flow-content">Flow content</a>.</dd>
1075: <dt>Content attributes:</dt>
1076: <dd><a href="elements.html#global-attributes">Global attributes</a></dd>
1077: <dt>DOM interface:</dt>
1078: <dd>
1079: <pre class="idl">interface <dfn id="htmldivelement">HTMLDivElement</dfn> : <a href="elements.html#htmlelement">HTMLElement</a> {};</pre>
1080: </dd>
1081: </dl><p>The <code><a href="#the-div-element">div</a></code> element has no special meaning at all. It
1082: <a href="#represents">represents</a> its children. It can be used with the <code title="attr-class"><a href="elements.html#classes">class</a></code>, <code title="attr-lang"><a href="elements.html#attr-lang">lang</a></code>, and <code title="attr-title"><a href="elements.html#the-title-attribute">title</a></code> attributes to mark up semantics
1083: common to a group of consecutive elements.</p><p class="note">Authors are strongly encouraged to view the
1084: <code><a href="#the-div-element">div</a></code> element as an element of last resort, for when no
1085: other element is suitable. Use of the <code><a href="#the-div-element">div</a></code> element
1086: instead of more appropriate elements leads to poor accessibility for
1087: readers and poor maintainability for authors.</p><div class="example">
1088:
1089: <p>For example, a blog post would be marked up using
1090: <code><a href="sections.html#the-article-element">article</a></code>, a chapter using <code><a href="sections.html#the-section-element">section</a></code>, a
1091: page's navigation aids using <code><a href="sections.html#the-nav-element">nav</a></code>, and a group of form
1092: controls using <code><a href="forms.html#the-fieldset-element">fieldset</a></code>.</p>
1093:
1094: <p>On the other hand, <code><a href="#the-div-element">div</a></code> elements can be useful for
1095: stylistic purposes or to wrap multiple paragraphs within a section
1096: that are all to be annotated in a similar way. In the following
1097: example, we see <code><a href="#the-div-element">div</a></code> elements used as a way to set the
1098: language of two paragraphs at once, instead of setting the language
1099: on the two paragraph elements separately:</p>
1100:
1101: <pre><article lang="en-US">
1102: <h1>My use of language and my cats</h1>
1103: <p>My cat's behavior hasn't changed much since her absence, except
1104: that she plays her new physique to the neighbors regularly, in an
1105: attempt to get pets.</p>
1106: <div lang="en-GB">
1107: <p>My other cat, coloured black and white, is a sweetie. He followed
1108: us to the pool today, walking down the pavement with us. Yesterday
1109: he apparently visited our neighbours. I wonder if he recognises that
1110: their flat is a mirror image of ours.</p>
1111: <p>Hm, I just noticed that in the last paragraph I used British
1112: English. But I'm supposed to write in American English. So I
1113: shouldn't say "pavement" or "flat" or "colour"...</p>
1114: </div>
1115: <p>I should say "sidewalk" and "apartment" and "color"!</p>
1116: </article></pre>
1117:
1118: </div></body></html>
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